NAD+ in DNA repair and mitochondrial maintenance

Nmnat3 Is Dispensable in Mitochondrial NAD Level Maintenance In Vivo

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential co-enzyme mediating various enzymatic reactions. Mitochondrial NAD particularly occupies a considerable amount of total NAD in cells, and serves as a co-enzyme in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite the importance of mitochondrial NAD, its synthesis pathway remains unknown. It has been ...

Mitochondrial DNA maintenance and bioenergetics.

Oxidative phosphorylation requires assembly of the protein products of both mitochondrial and of nuclear genomes into functional respiratory complexes. Cellular respiration can be compromised when mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are corrupted. Oxidative damage resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during respiration is probably a major source of mitochondrial genomic instabi...

Pharmacological effects of exogenous NAD on mitochondrial bioenergetics, DNA repair, and apoptosis.

During the last several years, evidence that various enzymes hydrolyze NAD into bioactive products prompted scientists to revisit or design strategies able to increase intracellular availability of the dinucleotide. However, plasma membrane permeability to NAD and the mitochondrial origin of the dinucleotide still wait to be clearly defined. Here, we report that intracellular NAD contents incre...

Mitochondrial DNA Repair

Mitochondrial DNA repair and damage tolerance.

The accurate maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is required in order for eukaryotic cells to assemble a functional electron transport chain. This independently-maintained genome relies on nuclear-encoded proteins that are imported into the mitochondria to carry out replication and repair processes. Decades of research has made clear that mitochondria employ robust and varied mtDNA repair ...